IMPROVED SECURITY = LOWER RISKS + HIGHER COSTS: PASSING ON THE COSTS OF PORT SECURITY

This paper discusses the security initiatives taken after the 9-11 incident to improve the security environment in ports. It evaluates the challenges, problems and pertinent issues related to complying with port security measures, and the effects of passing the costs related there to port users and other stakeholders. The paper also assesses the implications that compliance with the security measures has had on ports from a cost benefit analysis and risk management perspective.